IS THE BIBLE THE INERRANT WORD OF GOD?

A creedal statement issued recently by the Evangelical Theological Society, a professional organization for “evangelical” scholars, led me to do some thinking about the nature of the Bible that I will pass along to you. I use quotation marks in identifying evangelical in this context, for there are many believers in the gospel of Christ, which is what the term means, that might not qualify as members of the ETS. The statement is this:

The Bible alone, and the Bible in its entirety, is the Word of God written and is therefore inerrant in the autographs.”

Since many of our problems in the church stem from the way we view the Bible, we need to take a hard look at such claims as this one. We can do this more easily once we overcome the idea that the Bible itself is the object of our faith. The Bible in some sense may be “holy,” but not like Christ is holy. It is always the Person of the Bible we worship, not the Bible itself. In like manner, the Bible may be referred to as the Word of God, but not in the same sense that Christ is “the Word of God,” as per Rev. 19:3.

While the Bible speaks often of the Word of God, it is not certain that it ever refers to itself as the Word of God. Herein lies the problem with so many opinions about the Bible, including the one from the ETS: claims are made for the Bible that the Bible does not claim for itself. The Bible does not claim to be the Word of God. The Bible does not claim to be inerrant. There is no doctrine of “inspiration” as such in the Bible. In one place (2 Tim. 3:16) reference is made to the Scriptures being Godbreathed or inspired, and 2 Pet. 1:21 speaks of writers being “moved by the Holy Spirit,” but as to what methodology is implied by this is a matter of opinion.

If we speak as the Bible speaks about itself, we will refer to the Bible as the Scriptures. Unless I have miscounted, there are 50 references to the Scriptures in the Bible, all of them of course in the New Testament since only the Old Testament was the Bible of Jesus and the early Christians. There are many other references in both Testaments to “it is written,” which is a similar reference. But I do not believe you will find even one reference to the Old Testament (or the Scriptures) as “the Word of God.”

Our Lord, for instance, always says such as “You search the Scriptures, because you think that in them you have eternal life” (Jn. 5:39), and not “You search the word of God . . .” Again and again reference is made to “that the Scriptures might be fulfilled,” not “that the word of God might be fulfilled.” Rom. 15:4 refers to “the comfort of the Scriptures” and Acts 17:11 tells how some “searched the Scriptures daily,” but the Bible does not use the term “the Word of God” in such ways.

Since Heb. 4:12 says that “the word of God is living and active and sharper than any two-edged sword,” it is supposed that this refers to the Bible. But that verse goes on to say that the Word of God judges the thoughts and intentions of the heart, which could hardly refer to the Bible. The next verse indicates that “the Word of God” is God himself or the power of God, for it reads: “And there is no creature hidden from His sight, but all things are open and laid bare to the eyes of Him with whom we have to do.”

Our preachers often point to Eph. 6:17 as an instance of the Bible being called the Word of God: “And take the helmet of salvation, and the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God,” but this is another case of ignoring the time element. The early Christians had no Bible to “take up” as we have. The “sword of the Spirit” is the piercing influence of the Guest of heaven who was with them, which demonstrates the power (or word) of God. This they could “take up” by appropriating it to their lives.

When one examines the Scriptures to ascertain the meaning of “the Word of God,” he finds that it involves far more than what is written, even though what is written might convey the Word of God. When the poet says “Thy word is a lamp unto my feet, and a light unto my path” (Psa. 119:97), one cannot suppose he is talking about the Bible, including that very verse! The reference is to the will and mind of God, and even the majestic power of God, however that was communicated to the poet.

There is mystery to such language as “the word of the Lord came to Micah” and “the word that came to Jeremiah from the Lord.” In the case of Jeremiah, the same Word that God put in the prophet’s mouth he “hastens to perform it” (Jer. 1:12). God’s Word is what he says and what he does; it seems also to be an experience, for the prophets sometimes “saw” the Word of God as well as heard it, as in Isa. 2:1. The prophets in turn spoke the Word, but it was more than mere words in that it was the power of God as well, as with Jeremiah whose words were like fire in his mouth (Jer. 5:14).

The Word of God is thus referred to in Scripture as abiding forever (l Pet. 1:25), upholding all things (Heb. 1:3), settled in heaven (Ps. 119:89), and the framer of the worlds (Heb. 11:3). It would be difficult to restrict these words to pen and ink: “By the word of the Lord were the heavens made; and all the host of them by the breath of his mouth” (Ps. 33:6). That same creative Word, the mind and personality of God, was at work in the prophets and it is at work in the Scriptures. God speaks to us through the Scriptures, but that is not the same as to say the Bible is per se the Word of God, just as we cannot say that Jeremiah was the Word of God.

Not all that Jeremiah said and did was the Word of God, however frequently the Word used him. And so everything in the Bible is not the Word of God, such as: “Now the sons of Issachar were Tola, and Puah, Jashub, and Shimrom, four” (1 Chron. 7:1). That verse is of course Scripture and may have some slight historical value, but one would be hard put to say that God speaks to him through that passage. That is of course true with much of the Bible, which makes it misleading to say, as do the “evangelicals,” that the entire Bible is the Word of God. Such unnecessary deductions get us into trouble, obligating us to prove things about the Bible that cannot be proved.

This is why a defense can be made for what the Readers Digest sought to accomplish with its abridged Bible. It is possible that such an effort could capture most of what God is saying to us through the Bible even when substantially condensed. Those who object to that sort of thing are inconsistent, for we all have our “condensed version, “as it were, in that we have our favorite portions. We all know that a passage like “Seek first the kingdom of God and his righteousness, and all these things will be added unto you” (Mt. 6:33) means far more than “And the third day we cast out with our hands the tackling of the ship” (Acts 27:19). While both verses are Scripture, they are not both necessarily the Word of God to us.


I do not intend to say that part of the Bible is the Word of God and part is not. Strictly speaking, none of the Bible is the Word of God in that the Word (or mind) of God cannot be reduced to the written page. The Word of God is eternal, existing long before the Scriptures were ever written. I am rather saying that the Word of God is communicated to us through Scripture, just as through the prophets. As to how we come to realize the Word of God as revealed in Scripture is no simple matter. We might have the Bible memorized and yet not know the mind of God. One apostle assures us that Scripture is “spiritually discerned” (1 Cor. 2:14), while another one tells us that it is the anointing of the Holy Spirit that must teach us (1 Jn. 2:27). It helps if we keep the point of Scripture in mind, which is to conform us more and more to the likeness of God through Christ (2 Cor. 3:18). When Scripture is doing this, cultivating us in the likeness of Christ, we can believe that the Word of God is at work.

The ETS creedal statement says “The Bible alone . . . is the Word of God written.” How do these theologians know that? One Scripture assures us that “the word of God is not bound” (2 Tim. 2:9), and since that was written before the church had anything like our modern Bible, it is not likely that the compilation of 66 books known as the “Holy Bible” has the Word of God bound. The Word of God might express itself in dreams, visions, poetry, art, philosophy, novels, or even in a note from a child to an adult. Since when is the Word of God bound to a book, any book, or even to the universe itself? Paul was comfortable with the idea that God spoke through Greek poets (Acts 17:28). And so he might speak to us through the likes of Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, whether in a speech at Harvard or in a novel. I am not saying God does but that he might. I am saying what the Scriptures say, that you cannot imprison the Word of God. God might speak to a man through his dog. Don’t forget Balaam’s ass!

If the ETS means that only the Bible constitutes the holy Scriptures, I would agree. It would also be true that however the Word of God might manifest itself (whatever idea we believe comes from God) it would not contradict what God has already revealed in Scripture.

As for the Bible being “inerrant,” which appears to be as crucial a doctrine to the new “evangelicals” as to the old fundamentalists, the issue loses its urgency once it is conceded that we are talking about Scripture rather than the Word of God, and that the Bible is not to be viewed as if it were God himself. No one would object to referring to God as inerrant, but it is risky to suppose that any work of man could be perfect (or without any error at all), and that has to include the Bible since it is the writings of scores of men, even if “inspired” or “moved by the Spirit.” whatever we make that mean.

But our brothers making up the ETS have an ingenius way of covering their tracks. Being the scholars they are, they know there are errors (even if insignificant ones) in the Bible, so they say “inerrant in the autographs.” The autographs are the original writings, such as the actual manuscript prepared by John known to us as “the Gospel according to John.” It is that manuscript that is inerrant, the ETS tells us, not your copy of John, which may be errant in some detail. Since our ETS brothers know that not a single autograph exists today, their affirmation of an inerrant Bible is wholly irrelevant if not foolish. The inerrant Bible to which they express creedal loyalty does not exist!

When scholars point to the jars and conflicts of the Bible, errors if you like, such as in the Easter story (had it “began to dawn” as Matthew says or was it “still dark” as John says when the women went to the tomb?), I am not at all bothered, for I look for the Word of God in the story, and all the witnesses agree that Jesus was raised from the dead. If anything, the contradictions in detail enhance the message, for they not only reveal the humanity of the witnesses but their integrity as well. They obviously didn’t frame up on us!

If we will allow the Bible to be “the Scriptures,” to use our Lord’s language, and avoid creating a bibliolatry out of them, making necessary and foolish claims, claims that the Scriptures do not make, we will do the church a great service. If we persist in dogmatizing (and sometimes even pontificating) about the nature of the Bible, whether its “plenary inspiration” or “verbal inerrancy” (weasel words?), we might weaken people’s faith, for they may conclude that if these claims made for the Bible cannot be sustained then the whole Christian faith loses its credibility.

I am not saying that we should never refer to the Bible as the Word God, for I have shown that there is a sense in which we can. I am saying that we should have a responsible view of the Bible, and, yes, like our Lord and his apostles, speak more often the way they did. Like Paul did: “From a child thou hast known the holy scriptures, which are able to make thee wise unto salvation” (2 Tim. 3:15).

But I am also saying that it seems that the church continues to move alongside the Pharisees. “You search the scriptures,” Jesus said to them, “because you think that in them you have eternal life; and it is they that bear witness of me” (John 5:39). It was their inordinate concern for the mechanics of their Bible and their dogmas thereof that kept them from seeing Jesus. Unless we are careful we will lose Jesus in the very book we claim to venerate. —the Editor