RESOLUTIONS
FOR THE NEW DECADE
(As Seen
by Harvard Faculty)
(Continued
from last issue)
5. Authoritarian capitalism
Stephen
Marglin, professor of economics, seems to be the opposite of Prof.
Nozick, for he wants more government, not less, or at least
more planning, democratic planning, as he puts it, that
involves the shop foreman as well as the corporate executive.
Capitalism has been authoritarian, and this is the real culprit, not
government. He wants to limit capitalism by what he calls
“democracy.” The fellows on the production lines are to
have a hand in running and planning big business as well as the Henry
Fords, he is telling us, and that is his response to the
magazine’s query as to our most serious problem.
It is
incredible that the professor could see “authoritarian
capitalism” as a serious problem while international communism
is not even mentioned, not by any of the professors. Even if they did
write before the present crisis in Iran and Afghanistan, one would
think that men who are wise in world affairs would see totalitarian
regimes and atheistic communism as staggering problems.
6. Mass poverty in the cities.
We would
expect a professor of city planning to speak to the problem of the
cities, as does Peter Rogers. He refers to poverty on a mass scale,
not just in isolated pockets, in the great cities of the world. Of
the 4.3 billion now in the world upwards of half of these are very
poor and 500 million are in extreme poverty. These poor of the world
continue to migrate to the cities. In 1800 less than 2% of the
world’s population lived in cities of 100,000 or more, and a
hundred years later it was still only 5.5%. But today 26%, or 800
million, live in the cities, and this will increase to 40%, or one
billion more, in the next 20 years. By then there will be 40
cities in the world with 10 million people. Mexico City will likely
be the largest of all with 30 million people!
Prof.
Rogers tells us that history shows that rural people never riot, only
city people. Riots, coups, revolutions will be the fruit of the
frustration of these large cities of the near future, for they will
be worse than Calcutta now is. These cities will be like giant powder
kegs, capable of blowing the entire world into social and economic
instability.
He
notes that both the pope and Castro, in their talks before the United
Nations, called for a sharing of the wealth through foreign aid, the
latter specifying 300 billion over the next decade. But Rogers notes
that such aid is not the answer, for it would take 200
billions to provide sanitation facilities alone for these vast
cities. What is needed, he says, is for these poor nations to get a
fair shake in the world market, paying less for what they import and
getting more for their own resources. They have long been exploited
by rich nations. If they had an OPEC cartel, like the mid-east
nations have for their oil, and thus get a better price for their
coffee, tea, tin, copper, etc., their world would change in a hurry.
In the meantime foreign aid should go toward building the means of
production in these nations, not for commodities such as food. Their
technology must develop so that they can create jobs for rural
people, thus stemming the constant flow to the cities. He says this
nation should lead the developed nations in giving 0.7% of their GNP
each year for this purpose, which is what the United Nations is
asking. That would double what we are now giving, to 13 billion a
year. If the other nations followed, much of the world could be
economically renewed, and tomorrow could be saved.
7. Control of nuclear weapons.
David Riesman has long
been one of Harvard’s renowned profs, and from his chair in
social science he points to arms control as the most crucial issue
facing the world. He was not optimistic about the immediate future,
even before Iran and Afghanistan. He says we must find some way to
work with the dissidents within Russia who oppose the “metal
eaters,” as they are called, those within the Soviet union who
are bent upon an arms race.
I
would be interested in how you, the reader, would see our
problems as we face the 1980’s. In terms of the church’s
mission we have to recognize that the Church of Christ upon earth is
still divided and the world is not yet won to Jesus Christ, and those
two are surely related, according to Jesus’ prayer for the
oneness of all believers. A warring, divided, carnal church will
never reach our troubled world.
He
was in the world, John wrote as he described the eternal Logos
becoming flesh. He was in our kind of world, the problems not being
all that different. We are in that same world, and there is a sense
in which we are to love it, as he loved it, and to bless it, as he
blessed it. Our churches must become conscious of “the
geography of world need” and apply the power of the gospel to
those needs. To become more conscious of our world out there and its
problems is part of the answer. --- the Editor