CAN WE UNDERSTAND?
(A
sermon delivered on Sunday after a murder)
ROBERT
MEYERS
Riverside
Church of Christ
Wichita,
Kansas
A
few hours ago, within a few blocks of my home, these things happened:
A
neighbor said that when her mother first heard the news of Thursday
evening she said: “Well, they’ve shot old King. I hope
they killed him.”
A
group of Negro students raced down the halls at North high school
breaking windows and attacking anyone unlucky enough to be caught by
himself. My son sat with others in a biology classroom as black fists
broke out the door glass. A senior girl who lives across the street
from me came home in tears after seeing a mob of Negro boys kick a
white boy in the school yard until an ambulance came for him.
And
at the little grocery store, only a block and a half away, a very
self-important white man said to my wife: “Well, you bought
your gun yet, Lady? You’re going to need it!”
Those
things were done and said by whites and Negroes within a few blocks
of my home. They also were happening all over America. Nothing could
possibly be sillier than for me to ignore this from your pulpit, nor
than for you to suppose even for a moment that these things are no
concern of ours as Christians.
The
immediate cause of these things is the cowardly murder of Dr. Martin
Luther King. His death has focused the eyes of the world once again
upon the American experiment in liberty, and it has made it
chillingly clear that we must do something about the poisons of
racism or face unbelievable civil terrors in years to come.
What
about this man whom the world mourns and whose death has numbed us in
ways reminiscent of that terrible November. Was he great, as many
whites and Negroes believed? Or was he simply a stubborn agitator, as
so many other whites and Negroes thought?
One
thing is certain: he is a highly controversial subject and I am
unlikely to win approval from all of you today, no matter how I
speak.
One
problem in considering him is that we define greatness so
differently. For some it is perfection, mainly because the only great
men they know about have been dead for so long their faults are
forgotten. Such people scoff at the idea that King was great because
they are positive he made many mistakes. The truth is that every
great man in history has made tremendous mistakes. Only little men
never make great mistakes. They make little mistakes, and no one pays
much attention to them. And they make little victories, too, and no
one pays much attention to those, either.
But
great men—just read history—have always made huge errors.
And bitter enemies. Yet it is not finally the mistakes a man makes in
his gigantic struggle, but the judgment we make of the
essential rightness of his cause and of the general rightness of his
life, that shapes the verdict of history. So judged, Martin Luther
King was a great man, and the sorrowful reaction is the correct one.
What
we have to remember is that committed men always make other people
violently angry. Moses, Socrates, Jesus, Lincoln—there is
something about the white hot zeal and fervor of such men that
triggers a violent reaction in sneaky, cowardly souls so that they
hide in old buildings with guns, or mass with other cowards in mobs,
and do away with their tormentors.
King,
more than any other single man, welded the Negro people into a unity.
He won a bus strike in Montgomery, Alabama and proved to the Negroes
that they did not have to be insulted every single day of their lives
on the buses in that city. He got them to vote. He encouraged them to
stand up for the freedom America promises all men. And his rhetoric,
singing and soaring in a deeply religious lyricism, gave them hope
and courage.
One
of two modern American Negroes to win the Nobel Peace prize, Martin
Luther King’s last few years involved him in a seeming paradox.
White men, annoyed and frightened by racial riots, believed that he
was preaching nonviolence out of one side of his mouth and stirring
up riots out of the other. They believed this because they noticed
that of late, where he went, violence occurred.
The
violence did happen, and King went on with his campaign, although he
continued to speak against violence. My own feeling is that he had no
choice, unless he were to bow out of the struggle altogether. There
may have been times, being human, when he almost said in some corner
of his heart, I don’t care if there is violence; we have waited
too long! But I feel such moments would never have lasted long.
But
King knew one thing, and this drove him on: he knew that freedom
is never voluntarily or happily given by an oppressor. It has to
be demanded. The oppressor, profiting in various ways by his
injustice, always says, Wait. Be Patient. Wait. And what he almost
always means is, Never, Never, Never. Hold them off, pacify them,
keep life sweet for yourself as long as possible and let the next
generation worry about the problem.
Against
such an attitude, what can the oppressed do but keep nudging and
pushing until something happens? It was that way for the Hebrews
until they finally departed Egypt in violence, and entered Canaan in
violence. It was that way with the birth of the American republic,
born in violence, and sustaining itself when it had to through
violence.
Yet
I hate such violence as I hate few things else on this earth. I hate
the sight of a Bull Connors-type in Birmingham kicking a Negro in the
head, and I hate it when a group of Negro boys enter a high school
and kick into uselessness the kidney of an unoffending white boy. I
hate it when an unidentified coward shoots a world figure from a
dingy hotel room, and I hate it when an angry Negro reacts by seizing
his gun and going out to kill the first honkie he sees.
But
I am not the only one who hates that kind of violence. It was a Negro
boy at North high school who came at last to the rescue of the white
lad and stood up against cowards of his own race. And in Atlanta,
beside King’s coffin, Negro students handed out pamphlets
charging that “black people are killing his spirit. Black
people are using the death of our great black leader for an excuse to
rob and steal and destroy. We are asking you in the King’s name
to respect his death.”
Despite
this kind of discipleship, many whites prefer to believe that King
was the real cause of their grief and that if he would only go away,
racial peace would come again. I can tell you one thing: racial
peace will not come until racism has departed. And King dedicated
his life to showing America and the world how much racism there is in
this country. This is what we cannot forgive him for, perhaps. His
disclosure of our secret, festering hatreds made him loved by the
black community which suffered from those hatreds endlessly, but it
made him hated by many whites who thought he was destroying otherwise
good race relations.
So
J. Edgar Hoover called him the worst liar in the land, ex-president
Truman called him a troublemaker, and one white television viewer in
Mississippi got so angry a few years ago when he saw King’s
image that he grabbed his shotgun and blew the set into kindling. And
what some of my own friends have called him, in secret moments, they
would prefer not hearing this morning.
Yet
he said repeatedly, “If blood is to flow, let it be ours”
and his people said, Amen! And so long as it was their blood flowing,
few whites hated Martin Luther King. But when whites had kicked and
beaten and shot enough nonviolent civil rights workers so that black
racists could stir up Negroes in despite of Dr. King, then white
blood began to flow and suddenly King was feared and hated. Somehow,
irrationally, white men supposed that if he would go away, their
trouble would go away. To such men I can only say that he was, among
all Negro civil rights leaders, the best friend you had. And for that
reason his death does not surprise me. We often kill our benefactors.
Now
I must say something of the riots yet to come, because attitudes are
rapidly hardening on both sides. Unless we begin to feel and talk
differently, our future is grim and bloody. The hardest thing I have
ever tried to do, I think, is explain to whites how they must
understand the rioting Negro even when they do not approve
of him. Nor is this a problem for whites only. Thousands of
staid, middle-class Negroes who keep up their property, honor their
marriages, and practice high ethical principles simply cannot
understand the behavior of some of their brothers.
Can
you understand that in a strange, frightening way this antisocial
behavior is a desperate call for help? A call for help can come in
many different ways. If you are a parent, you may hear a call for
help when your child is naughty. Unconsciously you may have ignored
him, or seemed grossly unfair to him in your attentions to another
child or your business, so he throws a tantrum. He knows that at
least that will get him attention. He had rather be spanked than
ignored, because human beings cannot bear to be ignored. It destroys
their sense of self.
What
I ask you to understand today is that people who have been deprived
of the minimal requirements necessary to create and preserve human
dignity are exactly like such children. Their burnings and looting
and surly rebellions, however frightening and annoying, are in
actuality one of the most sorrow-filled cries for help ever to sound
inside the great halls of human misery.
So
while I hate violence and arson and looting, I believe them to be
ultimately cries for help. Irrational, certainly, because so far the
rioting Negro has hurt himself more than anyone else. Just as a child
in tantrum may harm himself much more than he harms another. But in
both cases, the motive is the same: even if I do harm myself, I will
get somebody to pay attention to my plight.
Now
we may spend our breath forever saying, Well, if they’d just
behave, we would do good things for them. The plain fact is that good
behavior got them very little except second class existence and
contempt for over a hundred years. If they know nothing else, they
know that. And the other thing they know is that they are now forcing
us to notice them, and to try to figure out what to do for them
before they turn all of America into a nightmare. The tantrum, in
other words, is working. One would be an idiot not to understand why
it is being continued. The parent of a child in tantrum can kill the
child and stop the embarrassment, or he can try to figure out where
he has gone wrong and resolve upon ways of changing the environment.
Many
white people honestly believe that the Negro has now been given so
much he ought to be happy. It is hard to know how to counter such
colossal ignorance. I suppose such people believe it because they
want to believe it, because it ministers to their comfort and feeds
their sense of being treated unjustly by the Negro whom they have so
long wronged. We play tricky games with fair housing, for example,
giving just as little as we can in order to hold back Negro militants
and hedging the topic around with such language and practice that it
amounts to almost nothing. We count on the slow, cumbrous, obscure
machinery of the law to dull the fierce anger of militants. After
all, we realize, no one can stay at the boiling point forever. After
a while the most ardent civil rights worker subsides in despair, and
the white neighborhoods are snug and secure again—until one hot
summer night the frustration and bitterness boils over again and we
sit wondering why.
And
even when a neighborhood is legally desegregated, our hearts know
other ways to show malice. A fireman says to his friend, “Sure
a Negro can move into our suburb, but he won’t get much fire
protection; and you know, his house might just start to burn.”
There are a thousand ways to segregate and the law can never touch
most of them.
There
is little hope until our hearts are changed by some power higher than
our prejudices and hates. Among us, at least, the solution has
been given. We have to exercise the Christian grace of forgiveness
while we labor patiently to undo the damage of a century and a half.
The Negro must forgive us for working every trick in the book to keep
him down economically and socially so that we could exploit him. And
we now have a few violent years to forgive him for, and we must try
to understand even when we most desperately disapprove.
We
can never understand the explosive bitterness that has finally been
released among many Negroes until we force ourselves to ask certain
questions and give honest answers. Questions like these:
What
would it do to me if my little six year old son came home
crying one day and asked me why other children hated him and called
him names because his face was dark. What would it create in my
heart if he looked at me and said through tears, “Daddy, is
black bad?”
What
would it do to me if I were driving down some lonely highway,
as Negroes have done for so many years in our history, and my wife
and I were both sick with weariness and desperate for sleep, yet both
of us knew with a shame we did not want to discuss that we could not
enter the motels along the road? What would it create in my heart
if I had to plan trips carefully so that I could be in the right
places at the right time?
What
would it do to me if I had some strange disfigurement of the
face so that people politely avoided looking directly at me when they
came near? Would I not scream out, after years of this, See me! Look
at me! I’d rather see you flinch than to be ignored and become
invisible. So has it been with the Negro and his color.
What
kind of man would I have become if I had spent half my life carefully
avoiding restroom signs, and cafe signs, and park signs that said,
FOR NEGROES ONLY?
I
used to ask myself in Searcy, Arkansas, what kind of hatred I would
have built up if I had had to go down to the one movie in that little
town and after I had bought my ticket I had had to climb some dark,
dingy stairs over to one side of the building and sit in a special,
segregated balcony away from all the white people sitting below me in
the choicer seats.
I
think I know what kind of man I would have become, because I am
weaker than some of my Negro friends. They have put up with what I
could never have managed. And so, although I do not approve of
their outbursts, I understand them. And I will add this about
my conviction: if a member of my own family were to be hurt or killed
in this terrible struggle, I would be heartbroken but my mind would
go right on saying to me that it was an understandable evil and that
only with patient good will could I rub out the long-lasting
foundations for it.
Martin
Luther King spoke my own feelings eloquently in that dramatic
Washington, D.C., speech before a couple of hundred thousand people
of every skin tone imaginable.
I have a dream, he said, that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slaveowners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.
I have a dream that one day even the state of
Mississippi, a state sweltering with the people’s injustice,
sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an
oasis of freedom and justice.
I have a dream that my four little children will one
day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of
their skin but by the content of their character.
I
share the man’s dream. I regret whatever mistakes he made. I
condemn every act of violence committed by either white or black. I
pray God that we shall find wisdom and grace and courage to solve our
desperate problem. But in the meantime I shall try to understand why
these bad things are happening and to confess the guilt of my own
race for the hundred years of misdeeds that are now coming terribly
down upon our heads. I shall realize that as my people have been
cruel sometimes, so black men will be cruel now, no matter how much I
hate it, no matter how much some of their own brothers hate it.
And
I hope that Martin Luther King was right when he said in that
strangely prophetic speech just before his death that he was ready
when the end came because he had been to the mountaintop, like Moses
on that peak in ancient Moab, and had seen the promised land. The
dawn will come, he said. The glory of the Lord shall be
revealed in America and all flesh shall see it together.
God
grant that it may be so, and that every Christian in this little
community of ours will act wisely and courageously in the days that
lie so forbiddingly ahead of us. Above all else, let not a single one
of us say or do one thing that will make the bloody tantrum
worse. Having been forgiven by so many black Americans for so many
years, we must now find the grace in our hearts to forgive some of
them for these years. The debt will have to be canceled soon on both
sides, so that we can say without embarrassment once again that
America is really the land of the free.
My text? If you have wondered about that I remind you
that it was illuminating every sentence from the beginning and
throwing the only ray of light I can find at this moment on the
darksome road ahead. It reads: Father, forgive us our sins as we
forgive those who sin against us.
EDITOR’S NOTE: This article by Robert Meyers is so important that we are issuing it as a Reprint, with separate title cover and attractive format, for general distribution. It may do much in creating better understanding between the races. If you will help us to distribute them to teachers, students, business people, church leaders of both races, etc., we will make you the special price of 12 copies for 1.00 or a hundred copies for only 5.00, including postage. This is one small contribution that we want to make to our country in these critical times.